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Congress enacted the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") in 1935 to protect the rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to curtail certain private sector labor and management practices, which can harm the general welfare of workers, businesses and the U.S. economy.
The NLRA applies to employees in most private-sector workplaces, including manufacturing plants, retail centers, private universities, and health care facilities. Agricultural workers and domestic workers are not covered. Also exempted are supervisors and independent contractors. The Federal Labor Relations Authority protects the collective bargaining rights of federal employees, while the National Mediation Board does the same for railway and airline employees.